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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Summary of diagnostic criteria for PTSD:

Criterion A: Exposure to death, threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence in one (or more) of the following way(s):

  • Direct experience of the trauma
  • Witnessing firsthand the trauma
  • Learning a relative or close friend was exposed to a trauma
  • Repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details of trauma, typically experienced by first responders, medics, police officers, etc.

Criterion B: Presence of one (or more) intrusive symptoms associated with the traumatic event(s) after the event(s) occurred:

  • Recurrent distressing memories
  • Recurring nightmares
  • Flashbacks, or disassociative reactions in which the person feels the trauma repeating
  • Intense or prolonged psychological distress in the face of reminders
  • Physical reactions in the face of reminders

Criterion C: Avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma, as evidence by one or more of the following:

  • Avoidance of distressing memories and thoughts about the trauma
  • Avoidance of distressing external reminders of the trauma, like people, places, conversations, and activities

Criterion D: Negative alterations to mood and cognition, as evidenced by two (or more) of the following:

  • Inability to remember important aspects of the trauma
  • Exaggerated negative thoughts about oneself, others, or the world
  • Blaming oneself or others for the trauma
  • Persistence negative emotional state, like fear, horror, anger, guilt, or shame
  • Diminished interest in activities
  • Feelings of detachment or estrangement from others
  • Inability to experience positive emotions

Criterion E: Alterations in arousal and reactivity, as evidenced by two or more of the following:

  • Irritability and angry outbursts with little or no provocation
  • Reckless and self-destructive behavior
  • Hypervigilance
  • Exaggerated startle response
  • Problems with concentration
  • Difficulty sleeping

Criterion F: Duration of the disturbance is more than 1 month.

Criterion G: The disturbance causes significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, and other important areas of functioning.

Criterion H: Symptoms are not due to medication, substance use, or another medical condition.


Two specifications are part of this diagnostic criteria, too, and are summarized as follows:

Dissociative Specification: In addition to meeting criteria for PTSD, the person experiences high levels of either of the following in reaction to trauma-related stimuli:

  • Depersonalization. Experience of being detached from one’s self or body, as if one were in a dream.
  • Derealization. Experience of unreality, like the world were unreal, dreamlike, distant, or distorted.


Delayed Specification: Full diagnostic criteria are not met until at least six months after the traumatic event(s), although onset of symptoms may be immediate.


References:

 1. DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for PTSD 

2.  Cannabidiol: A Potential New Alternative for the Treatment of Anxiety, Depression, and Psychotic Disorders

3. Use of Medicinal Cannabis and Synthetic Cannabinoids in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A Systematic Review

4. Cannabinoids and post-traumatic stress disorder: clinical and preclinical evidence for treatment and prevention

5. Marijuana and other cannabinoids as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder: A literature review

6. Cannabinoids as an Emerging Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Substance Use Disorders

7. Use of cannabinoids for the treatment of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder


Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)


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